The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America Part 55

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Senate Bill No. 251, to repeal an act ent.i.tled "An act to prevent the importation of certain persons into certain States where by the laws thereof their admission is prohibited." Mr. Sumner said that the bill had pa.s.sed the Senate once, and that he hoped it would now pa.s.s. Pa.s.sed; t.i.tle amended by adding "approved February 28, 1803;" June 29, bill pa.s.sed over in House; July 14, consideration again postponed on Mr.

Woodward's objection. _Congressional Globe_, 41 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 2894, 2932, 4953, 5594.

~1870, Sept. 16. Great Britain: Additional Treaty.~

"Additional convention to the treaty of April 7, 1862, respecting the African slave trade." Concluded June 3, 1870; ratifications exchanged at London August 10, 1870; proclaimed September 16, 1870. _U.S. Treaties and Conventions_ (1889), pp. 472-6.

~1871, Dec. 11. Congress (House): Bill on Slave-Trade.~

On the call of States, Mr. Banks introduced "a bill (House, No. 490) to carry into effect article thirteen of the Const.i.tution of the United States, and to prohibit the owning or dealing in slaves by American citizens in foreign countries." _House Journal_, 42 Cong. 2 sess. p.

48.

APPENDIX C.

TYPICAL CASES OF VESSELS ENGAGED IN THE AMERICAN SLAVE-TRADE. 1619-1864.

This chronological list of certain typical American slavers is not intended to catalogue all known cases, but is designed merely to ill.u.s.trate, by a few selected examples, the character of the licit and the illicit traffic to the United States.

~1619.~ ----. Dutch man-of-war, imports twenty Negroes into Virginia, the first slaves brought to the continent. Smith, _Generall Historie of Virginia_ (1626 and 1632), p. 126.

~1645.~ ~Rainbowe,~ under Captain Smith, captures and imports African slaves into Ma.s.sachusetts. The slaves were forfeited and returned.

_Ma.s.sachusetts Colonial Records_, II. 115, 129, 136, 168, 176; III. 13, 46, 49, 58, 84.

~1655.~ ~Witte paert,~ first vessel to import slaves into New York.

O'Callaghan, _Laws of New Netherland_ (ed. 1868), p. 191, note.

~1736, Oct.~ ----. Rhode Island slaver, under Capt. John Griffen.

_American Historical Record_, I. 312.

~1746.~ ----. Spanish vessel, with certain free Negroes, captured by Captains John Dennis and Robert Morris, and Negroes sold by them in Rhode Island, Ma.s.sachusetts, and New York; these Negroes afterward returned to Spanish colonies by the authorities of Rhode Island. _Rhode Island Colonial Records_, V. 170, 176-7; Dawson's _Historical Magazine_, XVIII. 98.

~1752.~ ~Sanderson,~ of Newport, trading to Africa and West Indies.

_American Historical Record_, I. 315-9, 338-42. Cf. above, p. 35, note 4.

~1788~ (_circa_). ----. "One or two" vessels fitted out in Connecticut.

W.C. Fowler, _Historical Status of the Negro in Connecticut_, in _Local Law_, etc., p. 125.

~1801.~ ~Sally,~ of Norfolk, Virginia, equipped slaver; libelled and acquitted; owners claimed damages. _American State Papers, Commerce and Navigation_, I. No. 128.

~1803~ (?). ----. Two slavers seized with slaves, and brought to Philadelphia; both condemned, and slaves apprenticed. Robert Sutcliff, _Travels in North America_, p. 219.

~1804.~ ----. Slaver, allowed by Governor Claiborne to land fifty Negroes in Louisiana. _American State Papers, Miscellaneous_, I. No.

177.

~1814.~ ~Saucy Jack~ carries off slaves from Africa and attacks British cruiser. _House Reports_, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, p. 46; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 147.

~1816~ (_circa_). ~Paz,~ ~Rosa,~ ~Dolores,~ ~Nueva Paz,~ and ~Dorset,~ American slavers in Spanish-African trade. Many of these were formerly privateers. _Ibid._, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, pp. 45-6; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, pp. 144-7.

~1817, Jan. 17.~ ~Eugene,~ armed Mexican schooner, captured while attempting to smuggle slaves into the United States. _House Doc._, 15 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 12, p. 22.

~1817, Nov. 19.~ ~Tentativa,~ captured with 128 slaves and brought into Savannah. _Ibid._, p. 38; _House Reports_, 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No.

348, p. 81. See _Friends' View of the African Slave Trade_ (1824), pp.

44-7.

~1818.~ ----. Three schooners unload slaves in Louisiana. Collector Chew to the Secretary of the Treasury, _House Reports_, 21 Cong. 1 sess. III.

No. 348, p. 70.

~1818, Jan. 23.~ English brig ~Neptune,~ detained by U.S.S. John Adams, for smuggling slaves into the United States. _House Doc._, 16 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 36 (3).

~1818, June.~ ~Const.i.tution,~ captured with 84 slaves on the Florida coast, by a United States army officer. See references under 1818, June, below.

~1818, June.~ ~Louisa~ and ~Merino,~ captured slavers, smuggling from Cuba to the United States; condemned after five years' litigation.

_House Doc._, 15 Cong. 2 sess. VI. No. 107; 19 Cong. 1 sess. VI.-IX.

Nos. 121, 126, 152, 163; _House Reports_, 19 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 231; _American State Papers, Naval Affairs_, II. No. 308; Decisions of the United States Supreme Court in _9 Wheaton_, 391.

~1819.~ ~Antelope,~ or ~General Ramirez.~ The Colombia (or Arraganta), a Venezuelan privateer, fitted in the United States and manned by Americans, captures slaves from a Spanish slaver, the Antelope, and from other slavers; is wrecked, and transfers crew and slaves to Antelope; the latter, under the name of the General Ramirez, is captured with 280 slaves by a United States ship. The slaves were distributed, some to Spanish claimants, some sent to Africa, and some allowed to remain; many died. _House Reports_, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, pp. 5, 15; 21 Cong.

1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 186; _House Journal_, 20 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 59, 76, 123 to 692, _pa.s.sim_. Gales and Seaton, _Register of Debates_, IV.

pt. 1, pp. 915-6, 955-68, 998, 1005; _Ibid._, pt. 2, pp. 2501-3; _American State Papers, Naval Affairs_, II. No. 319, pp. 750-60; Decisions of the United States Supreme Court in _10 Wheaton_, 66, and _12 Ibid._, 546.

~1820.~ ~Endymion,~ ~Plattsburg,~ ~Science,~ ~Esperanza,~ and ~Alexander,~ captured on the African coast by United States ships, and sent to New York and Boston. _House Reports_, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No.

92, pp. 6, 15; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, pp. 122, 144, 187.

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~1862, June 7. Great Britain: Treaty of 1862.~

"Treaty for the suppression of the African slave trade. Concluded at Washington April 7, 1862; ratifications exchanged at London May 20, 1862; proclaimed June 7, 1862." Ratified unanimously by the Senate.

_U.S. Treaties and Conventions_ (1889), pp. 454-66. See also _Senate Exec. Journal_, XII. pp. 230, 231, 240, 254, 391, 400, 403.

~1862, July 11. United States Statute: Treaty of 1862 Carried into Effect.~

"An Act to carry into Effect the Treaty between the United States and her Britannic Majesty for the Suppression of the African Slave-Trade."

_Statutes at Large_, XII. 531; _Senate Journal_ and _House Journal_, 37 Cong. 2 sess., Senate Bill No. 352.

~1862, July 17. United States Statute: Former Acts Amended.~

"An Act to amend an Act ent.i.tled 'An Act to amend an Act ent.i.tled "An Act in Addition to the Acts prohibiting the Slave Trade."'" _Statutes at Large_, XII. 592-3; _Senate Journal_ and _House Journal_, 37 Cong. 2 sess., Senate Bill No. 385.

~1863, Feb. 4. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $17,000. _Statutes at Large_, XII. 639.

~1863, March 3. Congress: Joint Resolution.~

"Joint Resolution respecting the Compensation of the Judges and so forth, under the Treaty with Great Britain and other Persons employed in the Suppression of the Slave Trade." _Statutes at Large_, XII. 829.

~1863, April 22. Great Britain: Treaty of 1862 Amended.~

"Additional article to the treaty for the suppression of the African slave trade of April 7, 1862." Concluded February 17, 1863; ratifications exchanged at London April 1, 1863; proclaimed April 22, 1863.

Right of Search extended. _U.S. Treaties and Conventions_ (1889), pp.

466-7.

~1863, Dec. 17. Congress (House): Resolution on Coastwise Slave-Trade.~

Mr. Julian introduced a bill to repeal portions of the Act of March 2, 1807, relative to the coastwise slave-trade. Read twice, and referred to Committee on the Judiciary. _Congressional Globe_, 38 Cong. 1 sess. p.

46.

~1864, July 2. United States Statute: Coastwise Slave-Trade Prohibited Forever.~

-- 9 of Appropriation Act repeals ---- 8 and 9 of Act of 1807. _Statutes at Large_, XIII. 353.

~1864, Dec. 7. Great Britain: International Proposition.~

"The crime of trading in human beings has been for many years branded by the reprobation of all civilized nations. Still the atrocious traffic subsists, and many persons flourish on the gains they have derived from that polluted source.

"Her Majesty's government, contemplating, on the one hand, with satisfaction the unanimous abhorrence which the crime inspires, and, on the other hand, with pain and disgust the slave-trading speculations which still subist [_sic_], have come to the conclusion that no measure would be so effectual to put a stop to these wicked acts as the punishment of all persons who can be proved to be guilty of carrying slaves across the sea. Her Majesty's government, therefore, invite the government of the United States to consider whether it would not be practicable, honorable, and humane--

"1st. To make a general declaration, that the governments who are parties to it denounce the slave trade as piracy.

"2d. That the aforesaid governments should propose to their legislatures to affix the penalties of piracy already existing in their laws--provided, only, that the penalty in this case be that of death--to all persons, being subjects or citizens of one of the contracting powers, who shall be convicted in a court which takes cognizance of piracy, of being concerned in carrying human beings across the sea for the purpose of sale, or for the purpose of serving as slaves, in any country or colony in the world." Signed, "RUSSELL."

Similar letters were addressed to France, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Prussia, Italy, Netherlands, and Russia. _Diplomatic Correspondence_, 1865, pt. ii. pp. 4, 58-9, etc.

~1865, Jan. 24. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $17,000. _Statutes at Large_, XIII. 424.

~1866, April 7. United States Statute: Compensation to Marshals, etc.~

For additional compensation to United States marshals, district attorneys, etc., for services in the suppression of the slave-trade, so much of the appropriation of March 2, 1861, as may be expedient and proper, not exceeding in all $10,000; and also so much as may be necessary to pay the salaries of judges and the expenses of mixed courts. _Ibid._, XIV. 23.

~1866, July 25. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $17,000. _Ibid._, XIV. 226.

~1867, Feb. 28. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $17,000. _Ibid._, XIV. 414-5.

~1868, March 30. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $12,500. _Ibid._, XV. 58.

~1869, Jan. 6. Congress (House): Abrogation of Treaty of 1862.~

Mr. Kelsey asked unanimous consent to introduce the following resolution:--

"Whereas the slave trade has been practically suppressed; and whereas by our treaty with Great Britain for the suppression of the slave trade large appropriations are annually required to carry out the provisions thereof: Therefore,

"_Resolved_, That the Committee on Foreign Affairs are hereby instructed to inquire into the expediency of taking proper steps to secure the abrogation or modification of the treaty with Great Britain for the suppression of the slave trade." Mr. Arnell objected. _Congressional Globe_, 40 Cong. 3 sess. p. 224.

~1869, March 3. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $12,500; provided that the salaries of judges be paid only on condition that they reside where the courts are held, and that Great Britain be asked to consent to abolish mixed courts. _Statutes at Large_, XV. 321.

~1870, April 22. Congress (Senate): Bill to Repeal Act of 1803.~

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~1860, July 11. Great Britain: Proposed Co-operation.~

Lord John Russell suggested for the suppression of the trade:--

"1st. A systematic plan of cruising on the coast of Cuba by the vessels of Great Britain, Spain, and the United States.

"2d. Laws of registration and inspection in the Island of Cuba, by which the employment of slaves, imported contrary to law, might be detected by the Spanish authorities.

"3d. A plan of emigration from China, regulated by the agents of European nations, in conjunction with the Chinese authorities."

President Buchanan refused to co-operate on this plan. _House Exec.

Doc._, 36 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No. 7, pp. 441-3, 446-8.

~1860, Dec. 3. President Buchanan's Message.~

"It is with great satisfaction I communicate the fact that since the date of my last annual message not a single slave has been imported into the United States in violation of the laws prohibiting the African slave trade. This statement is founded upon a thorough examination and investigation of the subject. Indeed, the spirit which prevailed some time since among a portion of our fellow-citizens in favor of this trade seems to have entirely subsided." _Senate Exec. Doc._, 36 Cong. 2 sess.

I. No. 1, p. 24.

~1860, Dec. 12. Congress (House): Proposition to Amend Const.i.tution.~

Mr. John Cochrane's resolution:--

"The migration or importation of slaves into the United States or any of the Territories thereof, from any foreign country, is hereby prohibited." _House Journal_, 36 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 61-2; _Congressional Globe_, 36 Cong. 2 sess. p. 77.

~1860, Dec. 24. Congress (Senate): Bill on Slave-Trade.~

"Mr. Wilson asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to bring in a bill (Senate, No. 529) for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade." Read twice, and referred to Committee on the Judiciary; not mentioned again. _Senate Journal_, 36 Cong. 2 sess. p. 62; _Congressional Globe_, 36 Cong. 2 sess. p. 182.

~1861, Jan. 7. Congress (House): Proposition to Amend Const.i.tution.~

Mr. Etheridge's resolution:--

-- 5. "The migration or importation of persons held to service or labor for life, or a term of years, into any of the States, or the Territories belonging to the United States, is perpetually prohibited; and Congress shall pa.s.s all laws necessary to make said prohibition effective."

_Congressional Globe_, 36 Cong. 2 sess. p. 279.

~1861, Jan. 23. Congress (House): Proposition to Amend Const.i.tution.~

Resolution of Mr. Morris of Pennsylvania:--"Neither Congress nor a Territorial Legislature shall make any law respecting slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime; but Congress may pa.s.s laws for the suppression of the African slave trade, and the rendition of fugitives from service or labor in the States." Mr. Morris asked to have it printed, that he might at the proper time move it as an amendment to the report of the select committee of thirty-three. It was ordered to be printed. _Ibid._, p. 527.

~1861, Feb. 1. Congress (House): Proposition to Amend Const.i.tution.~

Resolution of Mr. Kellogg of Illinois:--

-- 16. "The migration or importation of persons held to service or involuntary servitude into any State, Territory, or place within the United States, from any place or country beyond the limits of the United States or Territories thereof, is forever prohibited." Considered Feb.

27, 1861, and lost. _Ibid._, pp. 690, 1243, 1259-60.

~1861, Feb. 8. Confederate States of America: Importation Prohibited.~

Const.i.tution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America, Article I. Section 7:--

"1. The importation of African negroes from any foreign country other than the slave-holding States of the United States, is hereby forbidden; and Congress are required to pa.s.s such laws as shall effectually prevent the same.

"2. The Congress shall also have power to prohibit the introduction of slaves from any State not a member of this Confederacy." March 11, 1861, this article was placed in the permanent Const.i.tution. The first line was changed so as to read "negroes of the African race." _C.S.A.

Statutes at Large, 1861-2_, pp. 3, 15.

~1861, Feb. 9. Confederate States of America: Statutory Prohibition.~

"_Be it enacted by the Confederate States of America in Congress a.s.sembled_, That all the laws of the United States of America in force and in use in the Confederate States of America on the first day of November last, and not inconsistent with the Const.i.tution of the Confederate States, be and the same are hereby continued in force until altered or repealed by the Congress." _Ibid._, p. 27.

~1861, Feb. 19. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To supply deficiencies in the fund hitherto appropriated to carry out the Act of March 3, 1819, and subsequent acts, $900,000. _Statutes at Large_, XII. 132.

~1861, March 2. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the Act of March 3, 1819, and subsequent acts, and to provide compensation for district attorneys and marshals, $900,000.

_Ibid._, XII. 218-9.

~1861, Dec. 3. President Lincoln's Message.~

"The execution of the laws for the suppression of the African slave trade has been confided to the Department of the Interior. It is a subject of gratulation that the efforts which have been made for the suppression of this inhuman traffic have been recently attended with unusual success. Five vessels being fitted out for the slave trade have been seized and condemned. Two mates of vessels engaged in the trade, and one person in equipping a vessel as a slaver, have been convicted and subjected to the penalty of fine and imprisonment, and one captain, taken with a cargo of Africans on board his vessel, has been convicted of the highest grade of offence under our laws, the punishment of which is death." _Senate Exec. Doc._, 37 Cong. 2 sess. I. No. 1, p. 13.

~1862, Jan. 27. Congress (Senate): Bill on Slave-Trade.~

"Agreeably to notice Mr. Wilson, of Ma.s.sachusetts, asked and obtained leave to bring in a bill (Senate, No. 173), for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade." Read twice, and referred to Committee on the Judiciary; Feb. 11, 1863, reported adversely, and postponed indefinitely. _Senate Journal_, 37 Cong. 2 sess. p. 143; 37 Cong. 3 sess. pp. 231-2.

~1862, March 14. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

For compensation to United States marshals, district attorneys, etc., for services in the suppression of the slave-trade, so much of the appropriation of March 2, 1861, as may be expedient and proper, not exceeding in all $10,000. _Statutes at Large_, XII. 368-9.

~1862, March 25. United States Statute: Prize Law.~

"An Act to facilitate Judicial Proceedings in Adjudications upon Captured Property, and for the better Administration of the Law of Prize." Applied to captures under the slave-trade law. _Ibid._, XII.

374-5; _Congressional Globe_, 37 Cong. 2 sess., Appendix, pp. 346-7.

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On motion of Mr. Farnsworth,

"_Resolved_, That the Committee on Naval Affairs be requested to inquire and report to this House if any, and what, further legislation is necessary on the part of the United States to fully carry out and perform the stipulations contained in the eighth article of the treaty with Great Britain (known as the 'Ashburton treaty') for the suppression of the slave trade." _House Journal_, 35 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 115-6.

~1859, Jan. 5. Congress (Senate): Resolution on Slave-Trade.~

On motion of Mr. Seward, Dec. 21, 1858,

"_Resolved_, That the Committee on the Judiciary inquire whether any amendments to existing laws ought to be made for the suppression of the African slave trade." _Senate Journal_, 35 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 80, 108, 115.

~1859, Jan. 13. Congress (Senate): Bill on Slave-Trade.~

Mr. Seward introduced "a bill (Senate, No. 510) in addition to the acts which prohibit the slave trade." Referred to committee, reported, and dropped. _Ibid._, pp. 134, 321.

~1859, Jan. 31. Congress (House): Reopening of Slave-Trade.~

"Mr. Kilgore moved that the rules be suspended, so as to enable him to submit the following preamble and resolutions, viz:

"Whereas the laws prohibiting the African slave trade have become a topic of discussion with newspaper writers and political agitators, many of them boldly denouncing these laws as unwise in policy and disgraceful in their provisions, and insisting on the justice and propriety of their repeal, and the revival of the odious traffic in African slaves; and whereas recent demonstrations afford strong reasons to apprehend that said laws are to be set at defiance, and their violation openly countenanced and encouraged by a portion of the citizens of some of the States of this Union; and whereas it is proper in view of said facts that the sentiments of the people's representatives in Congress should be made public in relation thereto: Therefore--

"_Resolved_, That while we recognize no right on the part of the federal government, or any other law-making power, save that of the States wherein it exists, to interfere with or disturb the inst.i.tution of domestic slavery where it is established or protected by State legislation, we do hold that Congress has power to prohibit the foreign traffic, and that no legislation can be too thorough in its measures, nor can any penalty known to the catalogue of modern punishment for crime be too severe against a traffic so inhuman and unchristian.

"_Resolved_, That the laws in force against said traffic are founded upon the broadest principles of philanthropy, religion, and humanity; that they should remain unchanged, except so far as legislation may be needed to render them more efficient; that they should be faithfully and promptly executed by our government, and respected by all good citizens.

"_Resolved_, That the Executive should be sustained and commended for any proper efforts whenever and wherever made to enforce said laws, and to bring to speedy punishment the wicked violators thereof, and all their aiders and abettors."

Failed of the two-thirds vote necessary to suspend the rules--the vote being 115 to 84--and was dropped. _House Journal_, 35 Cong. 2 sess. pp.

298-9.

~1859, March 3. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the Act of March 3, 1819, and subsequent acts, and to pay expenses already incurred, $75,000. _Statutes at Large_, XI. 404.

~1859, Dec. 19. President Buchanan's Message.~

"All lawful means at my command have been employed, and shall continue to be employed, to execute the laws against the African slave trade.

After a most careful and rigorous examination of our coasts, and a thorough investigation of the subject, we have not been able to discover that any slaves have been imported into the United States except the cargo by the Wanderer, numbering between three and four hundred. Those engaged in this unlawful enterprise have been rigorously prosecuted, but not with as much success as their crimes have deserved. A number of them are still under prosecution. [Here follows a history of our slave-trade legislation.]

"These acts of Congress, it is believed, have, with very rare and insignificant exceptions, accomplished their purpose. For a period of more than half a century there has been no perceptible addition to the number of our domestic slaves.... Reopen the trade, and it would be difficult to determine whether the effect would be more deleterious on the interests of the master, or on those of the native born slave, ..."

_Senate Exec. Doc._, 36 Cong. 1 sess. I. No. 2, pp. 5-8.

~1860, March 20. Congress (Senate): Proposed Resolution.~

"Mr. Wilson submitted the following resolution; which was considered, by unanimous consent, and agreed to:--

"_Resolved_, That the Committee on the Judiciary be instructed to inquire into the expediency of so amending the laws of the United States in relation to the suppression of the African slave trade as to provide a penalty of imprisonment for life for a partic.i.p.ation in such trade, instead of the penalty of forfeiture of life, as now provided; and also an amendment of such laws as will include in the punishment for said offense all persons who fit out or are in any way connected with or interested in fitting out expeditions or vessels for the purpose of engaging in such slave trade." _Senate Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess. p.

274.

~1860, March 20. Congress (Senate): Right of Search.~

"Mr. Wilson asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to bring in a joint resolution (Senate, No. 20) to secure the right of search on the coast of Africa, for the more effectual suppression of the African slave trade." Read twice, and referred to Committee on Foreign Relations.

_Ibid._

~1860, March 20. Congress (Senate): Steam Vessels for Slave-Trade.~

"Mr. Wilson asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to bring in a bill (Senate, No. 296) for the construction of five steam screw sloops-of-war, for service on the African coast." Read twice, and referred to Committee on Naval Affairs; May 23, reported with an amendment. _Ibid._, pp. 274, 494-5.

~1860 March 26. Congress (House): Proposed Resolutions.~

"Mr. Morse submitted ... the following resolutions; which were read and committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, viz:

"_Resolved_, That for the more effectual suppression of the African slave trade the treaty of 1842 ..., requiring each country to keep _eighty_ guns on the coast of Africa for that purpose, should be so changed as to require a specified and sufficient number of small steamers and fast sailing brigs or schooners to be kept on said coast....

"_Resolved_, That as the African slave trade appears to be rapidly increasing, some effective mode of identifying the nationality of a vessel on the coast of Africa suspected of being in the slave trade or of wearing false colors should be immediately adopted and carried into effect by the leading maritime nations of the earth; and that the government of the United States has thus far, by refusing to aid in establishing such a system, shown a strange neglect of one of the best means of suppressing said trade.

"_Resolved_, That the African slave trade is against the moral sentiment of mankind and a crime against human nature; and that as the most highly civilized nations have made it a criminal offence or piracy under their own munic.i.p.al laws, it ought at once and without hesitation to be declared a crime by the code of international law; and that ... the President be requested to open negotiations on this subject with the leading powers of Europe." ... _House Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess. I.

588-9.

~1860, April 16. Congress (Senate): Bill on Slave-Trade.~

"Mr. Wilson asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to bring in a bill (Senate, No. 408) for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade." Bill read twice, and ordered to lie on the table; May 21, referred to Committee on the Judiciary, and printed. _Senate Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 394, 485; _Congressional Globe_, 36 Cong. 1 sess.

pp. 1721, 2207-11.

~1860, May 21. Congress (House): Buyers of Imported Negroes.~

"Mr. Wells submitted the following resolution, and debate arising thereon, it lies over under the rule, viz:

"_Resolved_, That the Committee on the Judiciary be instructed to report forthwith a bill providing that any person purchasing any negro or other person imported into this country in violation of the laws for suppressing the slave trade, shall not by reason of said purchase acquire any t.i.tle to said negro or person; and where such purchase is made with a knowledge that such negro or other person has been so imported, shall forfeit not less than one thousand dollars, and be punished by imprisonment for a term not less than six months." _House Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess. II. 880.

~1860, May 26. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the Act of March 3, 1819, and subsequent acts, $40,000.

_Statutes at Large_, XII. 21.

~1860, June 16. United States Statute: Additional Act to Act of 1819.~

"An Act to amend an Act ent.i.tled 'An Act in addition to the Acts Prohibiting the Slave Trade.'" _Ibid._, XII. 40-1; _Senate Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess., Senate Bill No. 464.

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"For executing the provisions of the act approved 3d of March, 1819, ent.i.tled 'An act in addition to the acts prohibiting the slave trade,'

$20,000." Amendment agreed to, and bill pa.s.sed. It appears, however, to have been subsequently amended in the House, and the appropriation does not stand in the final act. _Congressional Globe_, 32 Cong. 2 sess. p.

1072; _Statutes at Large_, X. 214.

~1854, May 22. Congress (Senate): West India Slave-Trade.~

Mr. Clayton presented the following resolution, which was unanimously agreed to:--

"_Resolved_, That the Committee on Foreign Relations be instructed to inquire into the expediency of providing by law for such restrictions on the power of American consuls residing in the Spanish West India islands to issue sea letters on the transfer of American vessels in those islands, as will prevent the abuse of the American flag in protecting persons engaged in the African slave trade." June 26, 1854, this committee reported "a bill (Senate, No. 416) for the more effectual suppression of the slave-trade in American built vessels." Pa.s.sed Senate, postponed in House. _Senate Journal_, 33 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 404, 457-8, 472-3, 476; _House Journal_, 33 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 1093, 1332-3; _Congressional Globe_, 33 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 1257-61, 1511-3, 1591-3, 2139.

~1854, May 29. Congress (Senate): Treaty of Washington.~

_Resolved_, "that, in the opinion of the Senate, it is expedient, and in conformity with the interests and sound policy of the United States, that the eighth article of the treaty between this government and Great Britain, of the 9th of August, 1842, should be abrogated." Introduced by Slidell, and favorably reported from Committee on Foreign Relations in Executive Session, June 13, 1854. _Senate Journal_, 34 Cong. 1-2 sess.

pp. 396, 695-8; _Senate Reports_, 34 Cong. 1 sess. I. No. 195.

~1854, June 21. Congress (Senate): Bill Regulating Navigation.~

"Mr. Seward asked and obtained leave to bring in a bill (Senate, No.

407) to regulate navigation to the coast of Africa in vessels owned by citizens of the United States, in certain cases; which was read and pa.s.sed to a second reading." June 22, ordered to be printed. _Senate Journal_, 33 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 448, 451; _Congressional Globe_, 33 Cong.

1 sess. pp. 1456, 1461, 1472.

~1854, June 26. Congress (Senate): Bill to Suppress Slave-Trade.~

"A bill for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade in American built vessels." See references to May 22, 1854, above.

~1856, June 23. Congress (House): Proposition to Amend Act of 1818.~

Notice given of a bill to amend the Act of April 20, 1818. _House Journal_, 34 Cong. 1 sess. II. 1101.

~1856, Aug. 18. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the Act of March 3, 1819, and subsequent acts, $8,000.

_Statutes at Large_, XI. 90.

~1856, Nov. 24. South Carolina: Governor's Message.~

Governor Adams, in his annual message to the legislature, said:--

"It is apprehended that the opening of this trade [_i.e._, the slave-trade] will lessen the value of slaves, and ultimately destroy the inst.i.tution. It is a sufficient answer to point to the fact, that unrestricted immigration has not diminished the value of labor in the Northwestern section of the confederacy. The cry there is, want of labor, notwithstanding capital has the pauperism of the old world to press into its grinding service. If we cannot supply the demand for slave labor, then we must expect to be supplied with a species of labor we do not want, and which is, from the very nature of things, antagonistic to our inst.i.tutions. It is much better that our drays should be driven by slaves--that our factories should be worked by slaves--that our hotels should be served by slaves--that our locomotives should be manned by slaves, than that we should be exposed to the introduction, from any quarter, of a population alien to us by birth, training, and education, and which, in the process of time, must lead to that conflict between capital and labor, 'which makes it so difficult to maintain free inst.i.tutions in all wealthy and highly civilized nations where such inst.i.tutions as ours do not exist.' In all slaveholding States, true policy dictates that the superior race should direct, and the inferior perform all menial service. Compet.i.tion between the white and black man for this service, may not disturb Northern sensibility, but it does not exactly suit our lat.i.tude." _South Carolina House Journal_, 1856, p. 36; Cluskey, _Political Text-Book_, 14 edition, p.

585.

~1856, Dec. 15. Congress (House): Reopening of Slave-Trade.~

"_Resolved_, That this House of Representatives regards all suggestions and propositions of every kind, by whomsoever made, for a revival of the African slave trade, as shocking to the moral sentiment of the enlightened portion of mankind; and that any action on the part of Congress conniving at or legalizing that horrid and inhuman traffic would justly subject the government and citizens of the United States to the reproach and execration of all civilized and Christian people throughout the world." Offered by Mr. Etheridge; agreed to, 152 to 57.

_House Journal_, 34 Cong. 3 sess. pp. 105-11; _Congressional Globe_, 34 Cong. 3 sess. pp. 123-5, and Appendix, pp. 364-70.

~1856, Dec. 15. Congress (House): Reopening of Slave-Trade.~

"_Resolved_, That it is inexpedient to repeal the laws prohibiting the African slave trade." Offered by Mr. Orr; not voted upon. _Congressional Globe_, 34 Cong. 3 sess. p. 123.

~1856, Dec. 15. Congress (House): Reopening of Slave-Trade.~

"_Resolved_, That it is inexpedient, unwise, and contrary to the settled policy of the United States, to repeal the laws prohibiting the African slave trade." Offered by Mr. Orr; agreed to, 183 to 8. _House Journal_, 34 Cong. 3 sess. pp. 111-3; _Congressional Globe_, 34 Cong. 3 sess. pp.

125-6.

~1856, Dec. 15. Congress (House): Reopening of Slave-Trade.~

"_Resolved_, That the House of Representatives, expressing, as they believe, public opinion both North and South, are utterly opposed to the reopening of the slave trade." Offered by Mr. Boyce; not voted upon.

_Congressional Globe_, 34 Cong. 3 sess. p. 125.

~1857. South Carolina: Report of Legislative Committee.~

Special committee of seven on the slave-trade clause in the Governor's message report: majority report of six members, favoring the reopening of the African slave-trade; minority report of Pettigrew, opposing it.

_Report of the Special Committee_, etc., published in 1857.

~1857, March 3. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the Act of March 3, 1819, and subsequent acts, $8,000.

_Statutes at Large_, XI. 227; _House Journal_, 34 Cong. 3 sess. p. 397.

Cf. _House Exec. Doc._, 34 Cong. 3 sess. IX. No. 70.

~1858, March (?). Louisiana: Bill to Import Africans.~

Pa.s.sed House; lost in Senate by two votes. Cf. _Congressional Globe_, 35 Cong. 1 sess. p. 1362.

~1858, Dec. 6. President Buchanan's Message.~

"The truth is, that Cuba in its existing colonial condition, is a constant source of injury and annoyance to the American people. It is the only spot in the civilized world where the African slave trade is tolerated; and we are bound by treaty with Great Britain to maintain a naval force on the coast of Africa, at much expense both of life and treasure, solely for the purpose of arresting slavers bound to that island. The late serious difficulties between the United States and Great Britain respecting the right of search, now so happily terminated, could never have arisen if Cuba had not afforded a market for slaves. As long as this market shall remain open, there can be no hope for the civilization of benighted Africa....

"It has been made known to the world by my predecessors that the United States have, on several occasions, endeavored to acquire Cuba from Spain by honorable negotiation. If this were accomplished, the last relic of the African slave trade would instantly disappear. We would not, if we could, acquire Cuba in any other manner. This is due to our national character.... This course we shall ever pursue, unless circ.u.mstances should occur, which we do not now antic.i.p.ate, rendering a departure from it clearly justifiable, under the imperative and overruling law of self-preservation." _House Exec. Doc._, 35 Cong. 2 sess. II. No. 2, pp.

14-5. See also _Ibid._, pp. 31-3.

~1858, Dec. 23. Congress (House): Resolution on Slave-Trade.~

The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America Part 50

If you are looking for The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America Part 50 you are coming to the right place. The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America is a Webnovel created by W. E. B. Du Bois. This lightnovel is currently completed.

-- 5. "_Resolved_, That when a ship belonging to the citizens of any State of this Union leaves the waters and territory of such State, and enters upon the high seas, the persons on board cease to be subject to the slave laws of such State, and therefore are governed in their relations to each other by, and are amenable to, the laws of the United States."

-- 6. _Resolved_, That the slaves in the brig Creole are amenable only to the laws of the United States.

-- 7. _Resolved_, That those slaves by resuming their natural liberty violated no laws of the United States.

-- 8. _Resolved_, That all attempts to re-enslave them are unconst.i.tutional, etc.

Moved that these resolutions lie on the table; defeated, 53 to 125. Mr.

Giddings withdrew the resolutions. Moved to censure Mr. Giddings, and he was finally censured. _House Journal_, 27 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 567-80.

~1842, May 10. Congress (House): Remonstrance of Mississippi against Right of Search.~

"Mr. Gwin presented resolutions of the Legislature of the State of Mississippi, against granting the right of search to Great Britain for the purpose of suppressing the African slave trade; urging the Government to demand of the British Government redress and rest.i.tution in relation to the case of the brig Creole and the slaves on board."

Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. _House Journal_, 27 Cong.

2 sess. p. 800.

~1842, Aug. 4. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

"An Act making appropriations for the naval service," etc.

"For carrying into effect the acts for the suppression of the slave trade," etc. $10,543.42. _Statutes at Large_, V. 500, 501.

~1842, Nov. 10. Joint-Cruising Treaty with Great Britain.~

"Treaty to settle and define boundaries; for the final suppression of the African slave-trade; and for the giving up of criminals fugitive from justice. Concluded August 9, 1842; ratifications exchanged at London October 13, 1842; proclaimed November 10, 1842." Articles VIII., and IX. Ratified by the Senate by a vote of 39 to 9, after several unsuccessful attempts to amend it. _U.S. Treaties and Conventions_ (1889), pp. 436-7; _Senate Exec. Journal_, VI. 118-32.

~1842, Dec. 7. President Tyler's Message.~

The treaty of Ghent binds the United States and Great Britain to the suppression of the slave-trade. The Right of Search was refused by the United States, and our Minister in France for that reason protested against the Quintuple Treaty; his conduct had the approval of the administration. On this account the eighth article was inserted, causing each government to keep a flotilla in African waters to enforce the laws. If this should be done by all the powers, the trade would be swept from the ocean. _House Journal_, 27 Cong. 3 sess. pp. 16-7.

~1843, Feb. 22. Congress (Senate): Appropriation Opposed.~

Motion by Mr. Benton, during debate on naval appropriations, to strike out appropriation "for the support of Africans recaptured on the coast of Africa or elsewhere, and returned to Africa by the armed vessels of the United States, $5,000." Lost; similar proposition by Bagby, lost.

Proposition to strike out appropriation for squadron, lost. March 3, bill becomes a law, with appropriation for Africans, but without that for squadron. _Congressional Globe_, 27 Cong. 3 sess. pp. 328, 331-6; _Statutes at Large_, V. 615.

~1845, Feb. 20. President Tyler's Special Message to Congress.~

Message on violations of Brazilian slave-trade laws by Americans. _House Journal_, 28 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 425, 463; _House Doc._, 28 Cong. 2 sess.

IV. No. 148. Cf. _Ibid._, 29 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 43.

~1846, Aug. 10. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

"For carrying into effect the acts for the suppression of the slave trade, including the support of recaptured Africans, and their removal to their country, twenty-five thousand dollars." _Statutes at Large_, IX. 96.

~1849, Dec. 4. President Taylor's Message.~

"Your attention is earnestly invited to an amendment of our existing laws relating to the African slave-trade, with a view to the effectual suppression of that barbarous traffic. It is not to be denied that this trade is still, in part, carried on by means of vessels built in the United States, and owned or navigated by some of our citizens." _House Exec. Doc._, 31 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 5, pp. 7-8.

~1850, Aug. 1. Congress (House): Bill for War Steamers.~

"A bill (House, No. 367) to establish a line of war steamers to the coast of Africa for the suppression of the slave trade and the promotion of commerce and colonization." Read twice, and referred to Committee of the Whole. _House Journal_, 31 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 1022, 1158, 1217.

~1850, Dec. 16. Congress (House): Treaty of Washington.~

"Mr. Burt, by unanimous consent, introduced a joint resolution (No. 28) 'to terminate the eighth article of the treaty between the United States and Great Britain concluded at Washington the ninth day of August, 1842.'" Read twice, and referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. _Ibid._, 31 Cong. 2 sess. p. 64.

~1851, Jan. 22. Congress (Senate): Resolution on Sea Letters.~

"The following resolution, submitted by Mr. Clay the 20th instant, came up for consideration:--

"_Resolved_, That the Committee on Commerce be instructed to inquire into the expediency of making more effectual provision by law to prevent the employment of American vessels and American seamen in the African slave trade, and especially as to the expediency of granting sea letters or other evidence of national character to American vessels clearing out of the ports of the empire of Brazil for the western coast of Africa."

Agreed to. _Congressional Globe_, 31 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 304-9; _Senate Journal_, 31 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 95, 102-3.

~1851, Feb. 19. Congress (Senate): Bill on Slave-Trade.~

"A bill (Senate, No. 472) concerning the intercourse and trade of vessels of the United States with certain places on the eastern and western coasts of Africa, and for other purposes." Read once. _Senate Journal_, 31 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 42, 45, 84, 94, 159, 193-4; _Congressional Globe_, 31 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 246-7.

~1851, Dec. 3. Congress (House): Bill to Amend Act of 1807.~

Mr. Giddings gave notice of a bill to repeal ---- 9 and 10 of the act to prohibit the importation of slaves, etc. from and after Jan. 1, 1808.

_House Journal_, 32 Cong. 1 sess. p. 42. Cf. _Ibid._, 33 Cong. 1 sess.

p. 147.

~1852, Feb. 5. Alabama: Illegal Importations.~

By code approved on this date:--

---- 2058-2062. If slaves have been imported contrary to law, they are to be sold, and one fourth paid to the agent or informer and the residue to the treasury. An agent is to be appointed to take charge of such slaves, who is to give bond. Pending controversy, he may hire the slaves out. Ormond, _Code of Alabama_, pp. 392-3.

~1853, March 3. Congress (Senate): Appropriation Proposed.~

A bill making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending June 30, 1854. Mr. Underwood offered the following amendment:--

The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America Part 49

If you are looking for The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America Part 49 you are coming to the right place. The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America is a Webnovel created by W. E. B. Du Bois. This lightnovel is currently completed.

~1836, Dec. 21. Texas: Slave-Trade made Piracy.~

"An Act supplementary to an act, for the punishment of Crimes and Misdemeanors."

-- 1. "_Be it enacted_ ..., That if any person or persons shall introduce any African negro or negroes, contrary to the true intent and meaning of the ninth section of the general provisions of the const.i.tution, ...

except such as are from the United States of America, and had been held as slaves therein, be considered guilty of piracy; and upon conviction thereof, before any court having cognizance of the same, shall suffer death, without the benefit of clergy."

-- 2. The introduction of Negroes from the United States of America, except of those legally held as slaves there, shall be piracy. _Ibid._, I. 197. Cf. _House Doc._, 27 Cong. 1 sess. No. 34, p. 42.

~1837, March 3. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

"An Act making appropriations for the naval service," etc.

"For carrying into effect the acts for the suppression of the slave trade," etc., $11,413.57. _Statutes at Large_, V. 155, 157.

~1838, March 19. Congress (Senate): Slave-Trade with Texas, etc.~

"Mr. Morris submitted the following motion for consideration:

"_Resolved_, That the Committee on the Judiciary be instructed to inquire whether the present laws of the United States, on the subject of the slave trade, will prohibit that trade being carried on between citizens of the United States and citizens of the Republic of Texas, either by land or by sea; and whether it would be lawful in vessels owned by citizens of that Republic, and not lawful in vessels owned by citizens of this, or lawful in both, and by citizens of both countries; and also whether a slave carried from the United States into a foreign country, and brought back, on returning into the United States, is considered a free person, or is liable to be sent back, if demanded, as a slave, into that country from which he or she last came; and also whether any additional legislation by Congress is necessary on any of these subjects." March 20, the motion of Mr. Walker that this resolution "lie on the table," was determined in the affirmative, 32 to 9. _Senate Journal_, 25 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 297-8, 300.

~1839, Feb. 5. Congress (Senate): Bill to Amend Slave-Trade Acts.~

"Mr. Strange, on leave, and in pursuance of notice given, introduced a bill to amend an act ent.i.tled an act to prohibit the importation of slaves into any port in the jurisdiction of the United States; which was read twice, and referred to the Committee on Commerce." March 1, the Committee was discharged from further consideration of the bill.

_Congressional Globe_, 25 Cong. 3 sess. p. 172; _Senate Journal_, 25 Cong. 3 sess. pp. 200, 313.

~1839, Dec. 24. President Van Buren's Message.~

"It will be seen by the report of the Secretary of the navy respecting the disposition of our ships of war, that it has been deemed necessary to station a competent force on the coast of Africa, to prevent a fraudulent use of our flag by foreigners.

"Recent experience has shown that the provisions in our existing laws which relate to the sale and transfer of American vessels while abroad, are extremely defective. Advantage has been taken of these defects to give to vessels wholly belonging to foreigners, and navigating the ocean, an apparent American ownership. This character has been so well simulated as to afford them comparative security in prosecuting the slave trade, a traffic emphatically denounced in our statutes, regarded with abhorrence by our citizens, and of which the effectual suppression is nowhere more sincerely desired than in the United States. These circ.u.mstances make it proper to recommend to your early attention a careful revision of these laws, so that ... the integrity and honor of our flag may be carefully preserved." _House Journal_, 26 Cong. 1 sess.

pp. 117-8.

~1840, Jan. 3. Congress (Senate): Bill to Amend Act of 1807.~

"Agreeably to notice, Mr. Strange asked and obtained leave to bring in a bill (Senate, No. 123) to amend an act ent.i.tled 'An act to prohibit the importation of slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States from and after the 1st day of January, in the year 1808,' approved the 2d day of March, 1807; which was read the first and second times, by unanimous consent, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary." Jan. 8, it was reported without amendment; May 11, it was considered, and, on motion by Mr. King, "_Ordered_, That it lie on the table." _Senate Journal_, 26 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 73, 87, 363.

~1840, May 4. Congress (Senate): Bill on Slave-Trade.~

"Mr. Davis, from the Committee on Commerce, reported a bill (Senate, No.

335) making further provision to prevent the abuse of the flag of the United States, and the use of unauthorized papers in the foreign slavetrade, and for other purposes." This pa.s.sed the Senate, but was dropped in the House. _Ibid._, pp. 356, 359, 440, 442; _House Journal_, 26 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 1138, 1228, 1257.

~1841, June 1. Congress (House): President Tyler's Message.~

"I shall also, at the proper season, invite your attention to the statutory enactments for the suppression of the slave trade, which may require to be rendered more efficient in their provisions. There is reason to believe that the traffic is on the increase. Whether such increase is to be ascribed to the abolition of slave labor in the British possessions in our vicinity, and an attendant diminution in the supply of those articles which enter into the general consumption of the world, thereby augmenting the demand from other quarters, ... it were needless to inquire. The highest considerations of public honor, as well as the strongest promptings of humanity, require a resort to the most vigorous efforts to suppress the trade." _House Journal_, 27 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 31, 184.

~1841, Dec. 7. President Tyler's Message.~

Though the United States is desirous to suppress the slave-trade, she will not submit to interpolations into the maritime code at will by other nations. This government has expressed its repugnance to the trade by several laws. It is a matter for deliberation whether we will enter upon treaties containing mutual stipulations upon the subject with other governments. The United States will demand indemnity for all depredations by Great Britain.

"I invite your attention to existing laws for the suppression of the African slave trade, and recommend all such alterations as may give to them greater force and efficacy. That the American flag is grossly abused by the abandoned and profligate of other nations is but too probable. Congress has, not long since, had this subject under its consideration, and its importance well justifies renewed and anxious attention." _House Journal_, 27 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 14-5, 86, 113.

~1841, Dec. 20. [Great Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia, and France: Quintuple Treaty.]~ _British and Foreign State Papers_, 1841-2, p. 269 ff.

~1842, Feb. 15. Right of Search: Ca.s.s's Protest.~

Ca.s.s writes to Webster, that, considering the fact that the signing of the Quintuple Treaty would oblige the partic.i.p.ants to exercise the Right of Search denied by the United States, or to make a change in the hitherto recognized law of nations, he, on his own responsibility, addressed the following protest to the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, M. Guizot:--

"LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, "PARIS, FEBRUARY 13, 1842.

"SIR: The recent signature of a treaty, having for its object the suppression of the African slave trade, by five of the powers of Europe, and to which France is a party, is a fact of such general notoriety that it may be a.s.sumed as the basis of any diplomatic representations which the subject may fairly require."

The United States is no party to this treaty. She denies the Right of Visitation which England a.s.serts. [Quotes from the presidential message of Dec. 7, 1841.] This principle is a.s.serted by the treaty.

" ... The moral effect which such a union of five great powers, two of which are eminently maritime, but three of which have perhaps never had a vessel engaged in that traffic, is calculated to produce upon the United States, and upon other nations who, like them, may be indisposed to these combined movements, though it may be regretted, yet furnishes no just cause of complaint. But the subject a.s.sumes another aspect when they are told by one of the parties that their vessels are to be forcibly entered and examined, in order to carry into effect these stipulations. Certainly the American Government does not believe that the high powers, contracting parties to this treaty, have any wish to compel the United States, by force, to adopt their measures to its provisions, or to adopt its stipulations ...; and they will see with pleasure the prompt disavowal made by yourself, sir, in the name of your country, ... of any intentions of this nature. But were it otherwise, ... They would prepare themselves with apprehension, indeed, but without dismay--with regret, but with firmness--for one of those desperate struggles which have sometimes occurred in the history of the world."

If, as England says, these treaties cannot be executed without visiting United States ships, then France must pursue the same course. It is hoped, therefore, that his Majesty will, before signing this treaty, carefully examine the pretensions of England and their compatibility with the law of nations and the honor of the United States. _Senate Doc._, 27 Cong. 3 sess. II. No. 52, and IV. No. 223; 29 Cong. 1 sess.

VIII. No. 377, pp. 192-5.

~1842, Feb. 26. Mississippi: Resolutions on Creole Case.~

The following resolutions were referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the United States Congress, House of Representatives, May 10, 1842:

"Whereas, the right of search has never been yielded to Great Britain,"

and the brig Creole has not been surrendered by the British authorities, etc., therefore,

-- 1. "_Be it resolved by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi_, That ... the right of search cannot be conceded to Great Britain without a manifest servile submission, unworthy a free nation....

-- 2. "_Resolved_, That any attempt to detain and search our vessels, by British cruisers, should be held and esteemed an unjustifiable outrage on the part of the Queen's Government; and that any such outrage, which may have occurred since Lord Aberdeen's note to our envoy at the Court of St. James, of date October thirteen, eighteen hundred and forty-one, (if any,) may well be deemed, by our Government, just cause of war."

-- 3. "_Resolved_, That the Legislature of the State, in view of the late murderous insurrection of the slaves on board the Creole, their reception in a British port, the absolute connivance at their crimes, manifest in the protection extended to them by the British authorities, most solemnly declare their firm conviction that, if the conduct of those authorities be submitted to, compounded for by the payment of money, or in any other manner, or atoned for in any mode except by the surrender of the actual criminals to the Federal Government, and the delivery of the other identical slaves to their rightful owner or owners, or his or their agents, the slaveholding States would have most just cause to apprehend that the American flag is powerless to protect American property; that the Federal Government is not sufficiently energetic in the maintenance and preservation of their peculiar rights; and that these rights, therefore, are in imminent danger."

-- 4. _Resolved_, That rest.i.tution should be demanded "at all hazards."

_House Doc._, 27 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No. 215.

~1842, March 21. Congress (House): Giddings's Resolutions.~

Mr. Giddings moved the following resolutions:--