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~1858.~ ~Wanderer,~ lands 500 slaves in Georgia. _Senate Exec. Doc._, 35 Cong. 2 sess. VII. No. 8; _House Exec. Doc._, 35 Cong. 2 sess. IX. No.

89.

~1859, Dec. 20.~ ~Delicia,~ supposed to be Spanish, but without papers; captured by a United States ship. The United States courts declared her beyond their jurisdiction. _House Exec. Doc._, 36 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No.

7, p. 434.

~1860.~ ~Erie,~ with 897 Africans, captured by a United States ship.

_Senate Exec. Doc._, 36 Cong. 2 sess. I. No. 1, pp. 41-4.

~1860.~ ~William,~ with 550 slaves, ~Wildfire,~ with 507, captured on the coast of Cuba. _Senate Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 478-80, 492, 543, etc.; _Senate Exec. Doc._, 36 Cong. 1 sess. XI. No. 44; _House Exec. Doc._, 36 Cong. 1 sess. XII. No. 83; 36 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 11; _House Reports_, 36 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 602.

~1861.~ ~Augusta,~ slaver, which, in spite of the efforts of the officials, started on her voyage. _Senate Exec Doc._, 37 Cong. 2 sess.

V. No. 40; _New York Tribune_, Nov. 26, 1861.

~1861.~ ~Storm King,~ of Baltimore, lands 650 slaves in Cuba. _Senate Exec. Doc._, 38 Cong. 1 sess. No. 56, p. 3.

~1862.~ ~Ocilla,~ of Mystic, Connecticut, lands slaves in Cuba. _Ibid._, pp. 8-13.

~1864.~ ~Huntress,~ of New York, under the American flag, lands slaves in Cuba. _Ibid._, pp. 19-21.

APPENDIX D.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

~COLONIAL LAWS.~

[The Library of Harvard College, the Boston Public Library, and the Charlemagne Tower Collection at Philadelphia are especially rich in Colonial Laws.]

~Alabama and Mississippi Territory.~ Acts of the a.s.sembly of Alabama, 1822, etc.; J.J. Ormond, Code of Alabama, Montgomery, 1852; H. Toulmin, Digest of the Laws of Alabama, Cahawba, 1823; A. Hutchinson, Code of Mississippi, Jackson, 1848; Statutes of Mississippi etc., digested, Natchez, 1816 and 1823.

~Connecticut.~ Acts and Laws of Connecticut, New London, 1784 [-1794], and Hartford, 1796; Connecticut Colonial Records; The General Laws and Liberties of Connecticut Colonie, Cambridge, 1673, reprinted at Hartford in 1865; Statute Laws of Connecticut, Hartford, 1821.

~Delaware.~ Laws of Delaware, 1700-1797, 2 vols., New Castle, 1797.

~Georgia.~ George W.J. De Renne, editor, Colonial Acts of Georgia, Wormsloe, 1881; Const.i.tution of Georgia; T.R.R. Cobb, Digest of the Laws, Athens, Ga., 1851; Horatio Marbury and W.H. Crawford, Digest of the Laws, Savannah, 1802; Oliver H. Prince, Digest of the Laws, 2d edition, Athens, Ga., 1837.

~Maryland.~ James Bisset, Abridgment of the Acts of a.s.sembly, Philadelphia, 1759; Acts of Maryland, 1753-1768, Annapolis, 1754 [-1768]; Compleat Collection of the Laws of Maryland, Annapolis, 1727; Thomas Bacon, Laws of Maryland at Large, Annapolis, 1765; Laws of Maryland since 1763, Annapolis, 1787, year 1771; Clement Dorsey, General Public Statutory Law, etc., 1692-1837, 3 vols., Baltimore, 1840.

~Ma.s.sachusetts.~ Acts and Laws of His Majesty's Province of the Ma.s.sachusetts-Bay in New-England, Boston, 1726; Acts and Resolves ... of the Province of the Ma.s.sachusetts Bay, 1692-1780 [Ma.s.sachusetts Province Laws]; Colonial Laws of Ma.s.sachusetts, reprinted from the editions of 1660 and 1672, Boston, 1887, 1890; General Court Records; Ma.s.sachusetts Archives; Ma.s.sachusetts Historical Society Collections; Perpetual Laws of Ma.s.sachusetts, 1780-1789, Boston, 1789; Plymouth Colony Records; Records of the Governor and Company of the Ma.s.sachusetts Bay.

~New Jersey.~ Samuel Allinson, Acts of a.s.sembly, Burlington, 1776; William Paterson, Digest of the Laws, Newark, 1800; William A.

Whitehead, editor, Doc.u.ments relating to the Colonial History of New Jersey, Newark, 1880-93; Joseph Bloomfield, Laws of New Jersey, Trenton, 1811; New Jersey Archives.

~New York.~ Acts of a.s.sembly, 1691-1718, London, 1719; E.B. O'Callaghan, Doc.u.mentary History of New York, 4 vols., Albany, 1849-51; E.B.

O'Callaghan, editor, Doc.u.ments relating to the Colonial History of New York, 12 vols., Albany, 1856-77; Laws of New York, 1752-1762, New York, 1762; Laws of New York, 1777-1801, 5 vols., republished at Albany, 1886-7.

~North Carolina.~ F.X. Martin, Iredell's Public Acts of a.s.sembly, Newbern, 1804; Laws, revision of 1819, 2 vols., Raleigh, 1821; North Carolina Colonial Records, edited by William L. Saunders, Raleigh, 1886-90.

~Pennsylvania.~ Acts of a.s.sembly, Philadelphia, 1782; Charter and Laws of the Province of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, 1879; M. Carey and J.

Bioren, Laws of Pennsylvania, 1700-1802, 6 vols., Philadelphia, 1803; A.J. Dallas, Laws of Pennsylvania, 1700-1781, Philadelphia, 1797; _Ibid._, 1781-1790, Philadelphia, 1793; Collection of all the Laws now in force, 1742; Pennsylvania Archives; Pennsylvania Colonial Records.

~Rhode Island.~ John Russell Bartlett, Index to the Printed Acts and Resolves, of ... the General a.s.sembly, 1756-1850, Providence, 1856; Elisha R. Potter, Reports and Doc.u.ments upon Public Schools, etc., Providence, 1855; Rhode Island Colonial Records.

~South Carolina.~ J.F. Grimke, Public Laws, Philadelphia, 1790; Thomas Cooper and D.J. McCord, Statutes at Large, 10 vols., Columbia, 1836-41.

~Vermont.~ Statutes of Vermont, Windsor, 1787; Vermont State Papers, Middlebury, 1823.

~Virginia.~ John Mercer, Abridgement of the Acts of a.s.sembly, Glasgow, 1759; Acts of a.s.sembly, Williamsburg, 1769: Collection of Public Acts ... pa.s.sed since 1768, Richmond, 1785; Collections of the Virginia Historical Society; W.W. Hening, Statutes at Large, 13 vols., Richmond, etc., 1819-23; Samuel Shepherd, Statutes at Large, New Series (continuation of Hening), 3 vols, Richmond, 1835-6.

~UNITED STATES DOc.u.mENTS.~

~1789-1836.~ American State Papers--Cla.s.s I., _Foreign Relations_, Vols.

III. and IV. (Reprint of Foreign Relations, 1789-1828.) Cla.s.s VI., _Naval Affairs_. (Well indexed.)

~1794, Feb. 11.~ Report of Committee on the Slave Trade. _Amer. State Papers, Miscellaneous_, I. No. 44.

~1806, Feb. 17.~ Report of the Committee appointed on the seventh instant, to inquire whether any, and if any, what Additional Provisions are necessary to Prevent the Importation of Slaves into the Territories of the United States. _House Reports_, 9 Cong. 1 sess. II.

~1817, Feb. 11.~ Joint Resolution for abolishing the traffick in Slaves, and the Colinization [_sic_] of the Free People Of Colour of the United States. _House Doc._, 14 Cong. 2 sess. II. No. 77.

~1817, Dec. 15.~ Message from the President ... communicating Information of the Proceeding of certain Persons who took Possession of Amelia Island and of Galvezton, [_sic_] during the Summer of the Present Year, and made Establishments there. _House Doc._, 15 Cong. 1 sess. II.

No. 12. (Contains much evidence of illicit traffic.)

~1818, Jan. 10.~ Report of the Committee to whom was referred so much of the President's Message as relates to the introduction of Slaves from Amelia Island. _House Doc._, 15 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 46 (cf. _House Reports_, 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348).

~1818, Jan. 13.~ Message from the President ... communicating information of the Troops of the United States having taken possession of Amelia Island, in East Florida. _House Doc._, 15 Cong. 1 sess. III.

No. 47. (Contains correspondence.)

~1819, Jan. 12.~ Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting copies of the instructions which have been issued to Naval Commanders, upon the subject of the Importation of Slaves, etc. _House Doc._, 15 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No. 84.

~1819, Jan. 19.~ Extracts from Doc.u.ments in the Departments of State, of the Treasury, and of the Navy, in relation to the Illicit Introduction of Slaves into the United States. _House Doc._, 15 Cong. 2 sess. VI. No.

100.

~1819, Jan. 21.~ Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury ... in relation to Ships engaged in the Slave Trade, which have been Seized and Condemned, and the Disposition which has been made of the Negroes, by the several State Governments, under whose Jurisdiction they have fallen. _House Doc._, 15 Cong. 2 sess. VI. No. 107.

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~1847.~ ~Fame,~ of New London, Connecticut, lands 700 slaves in Brazil.

_House Exec. Doc._, 30 Cong. 2 sess. VII. No. 61, pp. 5-6, 15-21.

~1847.~ ~Senator,~ of Boston, brings 944 slaves to Brazil. _Ibid._, pp.

5-14.

~1849.~ ~Casco,~ slaver, with no papers; searched, and captured with 420 slaves, by a British cruiser. _Senate Exec. Doc._, 31 Cong. 1 sess. XIV No. 66, p. 13.

~1850.~ ~Martha,~ of New York, captured when about to embark 1800 slaves. The captain was admitted to bail, and escaped. A.H. Foote, _Africa and the American Flag_, pp. 285-92.

~1850.~ ~Lucy Ann,~ of Boston, captured with 547 slaves by the British.

_Senate Exec. Doc._, 31 Cong. 1 sess. XIV No. 66, pp. 1-10 ff.

~1850.~ ~Navarre,~ American slaver, trading to Brazil, searched and finally seized by a British cruiser. _Ibid._

~1850~ (_circa_). ~Louisa Beaton,~ ~Pilot,~ ~Chatsworth,~ ~Meteor,~ ~R.

de Zaldo,~ ~Chester,~ etc., American slavers, searched by British vessels. _Ibid., pa.s.sim._

~1851, Sept. 18.~ ~Illinois~ brings seven kidnapped West India Negro boys into Norfolk, Virginia. _House Exec. Doc._, 34 Cong. 1 sess. XII.

No. 105, pp. 12-14.

~1852-62.~ ----. Twenty-six ships arrested and bonded for slave-trading in the Southern District of New York. _Senate Exec. Doc._, 37 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 53.

~1852.~ ~Advance~ and ~Rachel P. Brown,~ of New York; the capture of these was hindered by the United States consul in the Cape Verd Islands.

_Ibid._, 34 Cong. 1 sess. XV. No. 99, pp. 41-5; _House Exec. Doc._, 34 Cong. 1 sess. XII. No. 105, pp. 15-19.

~1853.~ ~Silenus,~ of New York, and ~General de Kalb,~ of Baltimore, carry 900 slaves from Africa. _Senate Exec. Doc._, 34 Cong. 1 sess. XV.

No. 99, pp. 46-52; _House Exec. Doc._, 34 Cong. 1 sess. XII. No. 105, pp. 20-26.

~1853.~ ~Jasper~ carries slaves to Cuba. _Senate Exec. Doc._, 34 Cong. 1 sess. XV. No. 99, pp. 52-7.

~1853.~ ~Camargo,~ of Portland, Maine, lands 500 slaves in Brazil.

_Ibid._, 33 Cong. 1 sess. VIII. No. 47.

~1854.~ ~Glamorgan,~ of New York, captured when about to embark nearly 700 slaves. _Ibid._, 34 Cong. 1 sess. XV. No. 99, pp. 59-60.

~1854.~ ~Grey Eagle,~ of Philadelphia, captured off Cuba by British cruiser. _Ibid._, pp. 61-3.

~1854.~ ~Peerless,~ of New York, lands 350 Negroes in Cuba. _Ibid._, p. 66.

~1854.~ ~Oregon,~ of New Orleans, trading to Cuba. _Senate Exec. Doc._, 34 Cong. 1 sess. XV. No. 99, pp. 69-70.

~1856.~ ~Mary E. Smith,~ sailed from Boston in spite of efforts to detain her, and was captured with 387 slaves, by the Brazilian brig Olinda, at port of St. Matthews. _Ibid._, pp. 71-3.

~1857.~ ----. Twenty or more slavers from New York, New Orleans, etc.

_Ibid._, 35 Cong. 1 sess. XII. No. 49, pp. 14-21, 70-1, etc.

~1857.~ ~William Clark~ and ~Jupiter,~ of New Orleans, ~Eliza Jane,~ of New York, ~Jos. H. Record,~ of Newport, and ~Onward,~ of Boston, captured by British cruisers. _Ibid._, pp. 13, 25-6, 69, etc.

~1857.~ ~James Buchanan,~ slaver, escapes under American colors, with 300 slaves. _Ibid._, p. 38.

~1857.~ ~James t.i.ters,~ of New Orleans, with 1200 slaves, captured by British cruiser. _Ibid._, pp. 31-4, 40-1.

~1857.~ ----. Four New Orleans slavers on the African coast. _Senate Exec. Doc._, 35 Cong. 1 sess., XII. No. 49, p. 30.

~1857.~ ~Cortes,~ of New York, captured. _Ibid._, pp. 27-8.

~1857.~ ~Charles,~ of Boston, captured by British cruisers, with about 400 slaves. _Ibid._, pp. 9, 13, 36, 69, etc.

~1857.~ ~Adams Gray~ and ~W.D. Miller,~ of New Orleans, fully equipped slavers. _Ibid._, pp. 3-5, 13.

~1857-8.~ ~Charlotte,~ of New York, ~Charles,~ of Maryland, etc., reported American slavers. _Ibid., pa.s.sim_.

~1858, Aug. 21.~ ~Echo,~ captured with 306 slaves, and brought to Charleston, South Carolina. _House Exec. Doc._, 35 Cong. 2 sess. II. pt.

4, No. 2. pt. 4, pp. 5, 14.

~1858, Sept. 8.~ ~Brothers,~ captured and sent to Charleston, South Carolina. _Ibid._, p. 14.

~1858.~ ~Mobile,~ ~Cortez,~ ~Tropic Bird;~ cases of American slavers searched by British vessels. _Ibid._, 36 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No. 7, p. 97 ff.

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~1839, July-Sept.~ ~Dolphin~ (or ~Const.i.tuco),~ ~Hound,~ ~Mary Cushing~ (or ~Sete de Avril~), with American and Spanish flags and papers.

_Ibid._, pp. 28, 51-5, 109-10, 136, 234-8; _House Reports_, 27 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 283, pp. 709-15.

~1839, Aug.~ ~L'Amistad,~ slaver, with fifty-three Negroes on board, who mutinied; the vessel was then captured by a United States vessel and brought into Connecticut; the Negroes were declared free. _House Doc._, 26 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 185; 27 Cong. 3 sess. V. No. 191; 28 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 83; _House Exec. Doc._, 32 Cong. 2 sess. III. No. 20; _House Reports_, 26 Cong. 2 sess. No. 51; 28 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 426; 29 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 753; _Senate Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No.

179; _Senate Exec. Doc._, 31 Cong. 2 sess. III. No. 29; 32 Cong. 2 sess.

III. No. 19; _Senate Reports_, 31 Cong. 2 sess. No. 301; 32 Cong. 1 sess. I. No. 158; 35 Cong. 1 sess. I. No. 36; Decisions of the United States Supreme Court in _15 Peters_, 518; _Opinions of the Attorneys-General_, III. 484-92.

~1839, Sept.~ ~My Boy,~ of New Orleans, seized by a British cruiser, and condemned at Sierra Leone. _Niles's Register_, LVII. 353.

~1839, Sept. 23.~ ~b.u.t.terfly,~ of New Orleans, fitted as a slaver, and captured by a British cruiser on the coast of Africa. _House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. No. 115, pp. 191, 244-7; _Niles's Register_, LVII. 223.

~1839, Oct.~ ~Catharine,~ of Baltimore, captured on the African coast by a British cruiser, and brought by her to New York. _House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. V No. 115, pp. 191, 215, 239-44; _Niles's Register_, LVII.

119, 159.

~1839.~ ~Asp,~ ~Laura,~ and ~Mary Ann Ca.s.sard,~ foreign slavers sailing under the American flag. _House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp.

126-7, 209-18; _House Reports_, 27 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 283, p. 688 ff.

~1839.~ ~Two Friends,~ of New Orleans, equipped slaver, with Spanish, Portuguese, and American flags. _House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No.

115, pp. 120, 160-2, 305.

~1839.~ ~Euphrates,~ of Baltimore, with American papers, seized by British cruisers as Spanish property. Before this she had been boarded fifteen times. _Ibid._, pp. 41-4; A.H. Foote, _Africa and the American Flag_, pp. 152-6.

~1839.~ ~Ontario,~ American slaver, "sold" to the Spanish on shipping a cargo of slaves. _House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 45-50.

~1839.~ ~Mary,~ of Philadelphia; case of a slaver whose nationality was disputed. _House Reports_, 27 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 283, pp. 736-8; _Senate Doc._, 29 Cong. 1 sess. VIII. No. 377, pp. 19, 24-5.

~1840, March.~ ~Sarah Ann,~ of New Orleans, captured with fraudulent papers. _House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 184-7.

~1840, June.~ ~Caballero,~ ~Hudson,~ and ~Crawford;~ the arrival of these American slavers was publicly billed in Cuba. _Ibid._, pp. 65-6.

~1840.~ ~Tigris,~ captured by British cruisers and sent to Boston for kidnapping. _House Reports_, 27 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 283, pp. 724-9; _Senate Doc._, 29 Cong. 1 sess. VIII. No. 377, P. 94.

~1840.~ ~Jones,~ seized by the British. _Senate Doc._, 29 Cong. 1 sess.

VIII. No. 377, pp. 131-2, 143-7, 148-60.

~1841, Nov. 7.~ ~Creole,~ of Richmond, Virginia, transporting slaves to New Orleans; the crew mutiny and take her to Na.s.sau, British West Indies. The slaves were freed and Great Britain refused indemnity.

_Senate Doc._, 27 Cong. 2 sess. II. No. 51 and III. No. 137.

~1841.~ ~Sophia,~ of New York, ships 750 slaves for Brazil. _House Doc._, 29 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 43, pp. 3-8.

~1841.~ ~Pilgrim,~ of Portsmouth, N.H., ~Solon,~ of Baltimore, ~William Jones~ and ~Himmaleh,~ of New York, clear from Rio Janeiro for Africa.

_Ibid._, pp. 8-12.

~1842, May.~ ~Illinois,~ of Gloucester, saved from search by the American flag; escaped under the Spanish flag, loaded with slaves.

_Senate Doc._, 28 Cong. 2 sess. IX. No. 150, p. 72 ff.

~1842, June.~ ~Shakespeare,~ of Baltimore, with 430 slaves, captured by British cruisers. _Ibid._

~1843.~ ~Kentucky,~ of New York, trading to Brazil. _Ibid._, 30 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 28, pp. 71-8; _House Exec. Doc._, 30 Cong. 2 sess. VII.

No. 61, p. 72 ff.

~1844.~ ~Enterprise,~ of Boston, transferred in Brazil for slave-trade.

_Senate Exec. Doc._, 30 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 28, pp. 79-90.

~1844.~ ~Uncas,~ of New Orleans, protected by United States papers; allowed to clear, in spite of her evident character. _Ibid._, 28 Cong. 2 sess. IX. No. 150, pp. 106-14.

~1844.~ ~Sooy,~ of Newport, without papers, captured by the British sloop Racer, after landing 600 slaves on the coast of Brazil. _House Doc._, 28 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No. 148, pp. 4, 36-62.

~1844.~ ~Cyrus,~ of New Orleans, suspected slaver, captured by the British cruiser Alert. _Ibid._, pp. 3-41.

~1844-5.~ ----. Nineteen slavers from Beverly, Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Providence, and Portland, make twenty-two trips.

_Ibid._, 30 Cong. 2 sess. VII. No. 61, pp. 219-20.

~1844-9.~ ----. Ninety-three slavers in Brazilian trade. _Senate Exec.

Doc._, 31 Cong. 2 sess. II. No. 6, pp. 37-8.

~1845.~ ~Porpoise,~ trading to Brazil. _House Exec. Doc._, 30 Cong. 2 sess. VII. No. 61, pp. 111-56, 212-4.

~1845, May 14.~ ~Spitfire,~ of New Orleans, captured on the coast of Africa, and the captain indicted in Boston. A.H. Foote, _Africa and the American Flag_, pp. 240-1; _Niles's Register_, LXVIII. 192, 224, 248-9.

~1845-6.~ ~Patuxent,~ ~Pons,~ ~Robert Wilson,~ ~Merchant,~ and ~Panther,~ captured by Commodore Skinner. _House Exec. Doc._, 31 Cong. 1 sess. IX. No. 73.

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~1820.~ ~General Artigas~ imports twelve slaves into the United States.

_Friends' View of the African Slave Trade_ (1824), p. 42.

~1821~ (?). ~Dolphin,~ captured by United States officers and sent to Charleston, South Carolina. _Ibid._, pp. 31-2.

~1821.~ ~La Jeune Eugene,~ ~La Daphnee,~ ~La Mathilde,~ and ~L'Elize,~ captured by U.S.S. Alligator; ~La Jeune Eugene~ sent to Boston; the rest escape, and are recaptured under the French flag; the French protest.

_House Reports_, 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 187; _Friends' View of the African Slave Trade_ (1824), pp. 35-41.

~1821.~ ~La Pensee,~ captured with 220 slaves by the U.S.S. Hornet; taken to Louisiana. _House Reports_, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, p. 5; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 186.

~1821.~ ~Esencia~ lands 113 Negroes at Matanzas. _Parliamentary Papers_, 1822, Vol. XXII., _Slave Trade, Further Papers_, III. p. 78.

~1826.~ ~Fell's Point~ attempts to land Negroes in the United States.

The Negroes were seized. _American State Papers, Naval Affairs_, II. No.

319, p. 751.

~1827, Dec. 20.~ ~Guerrero,~ Spanish slaver, chased by British, cruiser and grounded on Key West, with 561 slaves; a part (121) were landed at Key West, where they were seized by the collector; 250 were seized by the Spanish and taken to Cuba, etc. _House Journal_, 20 Cong. 1 sess. p.

650; _House_ _Reports_, 24 Cong. 1 sess. I. No. 268; 25 Cong. 2 sess.

I. No. 4; _American State Papers, Naval Affairs_, III. No. 370, p. 210; _Niles's Register_, x.x.xIII. 373.

~1828, March 11.~ ~General Geddes~ brought into St. Augustine for safe keeping 117 slaves, said to have been those taken from the wrecked ~Guerrero~ and landed at Key West (see above, 1827). _House Doc._, 20 Cong. 1 sess. VI. No. 262.

~1828.~ ~Blue-eyed Mary,~ of Baltimore, sold to Spaniards and captured with 405 slaves by a British cruiser. _Niles's Register_, x.x.xIV. 346.

~1830, June 4.~ ~Fenix,~ with 82 Africans, captured by U.S.S. Grampus, and brought to Pensacola; American built, with Spanish colors. _House Doc._, 21 Cong. 2 sess. III. No. 54; _House Reports_, 24 Cong. 1 sess.

I. No. 223; _Niles's Register_, x.x.xVIII. 357.

~1831, Jan. 3.~ ~Comet,~ carrying slaves from the District of Columbia to New Orleans, was wrecked on Bahama banks and 164 slaves taken to Na.s.sau, in New Providence, where they were freed. Great Britain finally paid indemnity for these slaves. _Senate Doc._, 24 Cong. 2 sess. II. No.

174; 25 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 216.

~1834, Feb. 4.~ ~Encomium,~ bound from Charleston, South Carolina, to New Orleans, with 45 slaves, was wrecked near Fish Key, Abaco, and slaves were carried to Na.s.sau and freed. Great Britain eventually paid indemnity for these slaves. _Ibid._

~1835, March.~ ~Enterprise,~ carrying 78 slaves from the District of Columbia to Charleston, was compelled by rough weather to put into the port of Hamilton, West Indies, where the slaves were freed. Great Britain refused to pay for these, because, before they landed, slavery in the West Indies had been abolished. _Ibid._

~1836, Aug.-Sept.~ ~Emanuel,~ ~Dolores,~ ~Anaconda,~ and ~Viper,~ built in the United States, clear from Havana for Africa. _House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 4-6, 221.

~1837.~ ----. Eleven American slavers clear from Havana for Africa.

_Ibid._, p. 221.

~1837.~ ~Washington,~ allowed to proceed to Africa by the American consul at Havana. _Ibid._, pp. 488-90, 715 ff; 27 Cong, 1 sess. No. 34, pp. 18-21.

~1838.~ ~Prova~ spends three months refitting in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; afterwards captured by the British, with 225 slaves. _Ibid._, pp. 121, 163-6.

~1838.~ ----. Nineteen American slavers clear from Havana for Africa.

_House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, p. 221.

~1838-9.~ ~Venus,~ American built, manned partly by Americans, owned by Spaniards. _Ibid._, pp. 20-2, 106, 124-5, 132, 144-5, 330-2, 475-9.

~1839.~ ~Morris Cooper,~ of Philadelphia, lands 485 Negroes in Cuba.

_Niles's Register_, LVII. 192.

~1839.~ ~Edwin~ and ~George Crooks,~ slavers, boarded by British cruisers. _House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 12-4, 61-4.

~1839.~ ~Eagle,~ ~Clara,~ and ~Wyoming,~ with American and Spanish flags and papers and an American crew, captured by British cruisers, and brought to New York. The United States government declined to interfere in case of the ~Eagle~ and the ~Clara,~ and they were taken to Jamaica.

The ~Wyoming~ was forfeited to the United States. _Ibid._, pp. 92-104, 109, 112, 118-9, 180-4; _Niles's Register_, LVI. 256; LVII. 128, 208.

~1839.~ ~Florida,~ protected from British cruisers by American papers.

_House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 113-5.

~1839.~ ----. Five American slavers arrive at Havana from Africa, under American flags. _Ibid._, p. 192.

~1839.~ ----. Twenty-three American slavers clear from Havana. _Ibid._, pp. 190-1, 221.

~1839.~ ~Rebecca,~ part Spanish, condemned at Sierra Leone. _House Reports_, 27 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 283, pp. 649-54, 675-84.

~1839.~ ~Douglas~ and ~Iago,~ American slavers, visited by British cruisers, for which the United States demanded indemnity. _Ibid._, pp.

542-65, 731-55; _Senate Doc._, 29 Cong. 1 sess. VIII. No. 377, pp.

39-45, 107-12, 116-24, 160-1, 181-2.

~1839, April 9.~ ~Susan,~ suspected slaver, boarded by the British.

_House Doc._, 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 34-41.

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Senate Bill No. 251, to repeal an act ent.i.tled "An act to prevent the importation of certain persons into certain States where by the laws thereof their admission is prohibited." Mr. Sumner said that the bill had pa.s.sed the Senate once, and that he hoped it would now pa.s.s. Pa.s.sed; t.i.tle amended by adding "approved February 28, 1803;" June 29, bill pa.s.sed over in House; July 14, consideration again postponed on Mr.

Woodward's objection. _Congressional Globe_, 41 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 2894, 2932, 4953, 5594.

~1870, Sept. 16. Great Britain: Additional Treaty.~

"Additional convention to the treaty of April 7, 1862, respecting the African slave trade." Concluded June 3, 1870; ratifications exchanged at London August 10, 1870; proclaimed September 16, 1870. _U.S. Treaties and Conventions_ (1889), pp. 472-6.

~1871, Dec. 11. Congress (House): Bill on Slave-Trade.~

On the call of States, Mr. Banks introduced "a bill (House, No. 490) to carry into effect article thirteen of the Const.i.tution of the United States, and to prohibit the owning or dealing in slaves by American citizens in foreign countries." _House Journal_, 42 Cong. 2 sess. p.

48.

APPENDIX C.

TYPICAL CASES OF VESSELS ENGAGED IN THE AMERICAN SLAVE-TRADE. 1619-1864.

This chronological list of certain typical American slavers is not intended to catalogue all known cases, but is designed merely to ill.u.s.trate, by a few selected examples, the character of the licit and the illicit traffic to the United States.

~1619.~ ----. Dutch man-of-war, imports twenty Negroes into Virginia, the first slaves brought to the continent. Smith, _Generall Historie of Virginia_ (1626 and 1632), p. 126.

~1645.~ ~Rainbowe,~ under Captain Smith, captures and imports African slaves into Ma.s.sachusetts. The slaves were forfeited and returned.

_Ma.s.sachusetts Colonial Records_, II. 115, 129, 136, 168, 176; III. 13, 46, 49, 58, 84.

~1655.~ ~Witte paert,~ first vessel to import slaves into New York.

O'Callaghan, _Laws of New Netherland_ (ed. 1868), p. 191, note.

~1736, Oct.~ ----. Rhode Island slaver, under Capt. John Griffen.

_American Historical Record_, I. 312.

~1746.~ ----. Spanish vessel, with certain free Negroes, captured by Captains John Dennis and Robert Morris, and Negroes sold by them in Rhode Island, Ma.s.sachusetts, and New York; these Negroes afterward returned to Spanish colonies by the authorities of Rhode Island. _Rhode Island Colonial Records_, V. 170, 176-7; Dawson's _Historical Magazine_, XVIII. 98.

~1752.~ ~Sanderson,~ of Newport, trading to Africa and West Indies.

_American Historical Record_, I. 315-9, 338-42. Cf. above, p. 35, note 4.

~1788~ (_circa_). ----. "One or two" vessels fitted out in Connecticut.

W.C. Fowler, _Historical Status of the Negro in Connecticut_, in _Local Law_, etc., p. 125.

~1801.~ ~Sally,~ of Norfolk, Virginia, equipped slaver; libelled and acquitted; owners claimed damages. _American State Papers, Commerce and Navigation_, I. No. 128.

~1803~ (?). ----. Two slavers seized with slaves, and brought to Philadelphia; both condemned, and slaves apprenticed. Robert Sutcliff, _Travels in North America_, p. 219.

~1804.~ ----. Slaver, allowed by Governor Claiborne to land fifty Negroes in Louisiana. _American State Papers, Miscellaneous_, I. No.

177.

~1814.~ ~Saucy Jack~ carries off slaves from Africa and attacks British cruiser. _House Reports_, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, p. 46; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 147.

~1816~ (_circa_). ~Paz,~ ~Rosa,~ ~Dolores,~ ~Nueva Paz,~ and ~Dorset,~ American slavers in Spanish-African trade. Many of these were formerly privateers. _Ibid._, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, pp. 45-6; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, pp. 144-7.

~1817, Jan. 17.~ ~Eugene,~ armed Mexican schooner, captured while attempting to smuggle slaves into the United States. _House Doc._, 15 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 12, p. 22.

~1817, Nov. 19.~ ~Tentativa,~ captured with 128 slaves and brought into Savannah. _Ibid._, p. 38; _House Reports_, 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No.

348, p. 81. See _Friends' View of the African Slave Trade_ (1824), pp.

44-7.

~1818.~ ----. Three schooners unload slaves in Louisiana. Collector Chew to the Secretary of the Treasury, _House Reports_, 21 Cong. 1 sess. III.

No. 348, p. 70.

~1818, Jan. 23.~ English brig ~Neptune,~ detained by U.S.S. John Adams, for smuggling slaves into the United States. _House Doc._, 16 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 36 (3).

~1818, June.~ ~Const.i.tution,~ captured with 84 slaves on the Florida coast, by a United States army officer. See references under 1818, June, below.

~1818, June.~ ~Louisa~ and ~Merino,~ captured slavers, smuggling from Cuba to the United States; condemned after five years' litigation.

_House Doc._, 15 Cong. 2 sess. VI. No. 107; 19 Cong. 1 sess. VI.-IX.

Nos. 121, 126, 152, 163; _House Reports_, 19 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 231; _American State Papers, Naval Affairs_, II. No. 308; Decisions of the United States Supreme Court in _9 Wheaton_, 391.

~1819.~ ~Antelope,~ or ~General Ramirez.~ The Colombia (or Arraganta), a Venezuelan privateer, fitted in the United States and manned by Americans, captures slaves from a Spanish slaver, the Antelope, and from other slavers; is wrecked, and transfers crew and slaves to Antelope; the latter, under the name of the General Ramirez, is captured with 280 slaves by a United States ship. The slaves were distributed, some to Spanish claimants, some sent to Africa, and some allowed to remain; many died. _House Reports_, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, pp. 5, 15; 21 Cong.

1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 186; _House Journal_, 20 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 59, 76, 123 to 692, _pa.s.sim_. Gales and Seaton, _Register of Debates_, IV.

pt. 1, pp. 915-6, 955-68, 998, 1005; _Ibid._, pt. 2, pp. 2501-3; _American State Papers, Naval Affairs_, II. No. 319, pp. 750-60; Decisions of the United States Supreme Court in _10 Wheaton_, 66, and _12 Ibid._, 546.

~1820.~ ~Endymion,~ ~Plattsburg,~ ~Science,~ ~Esperanza,~ and ~Alexander,~ captured on the African coast by United States ships, and sent to New York and Boston. _House Reports_, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No.

92, pp. 6, 15; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, pp. 122, 144, 187.

The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America Part 54

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~1862, June 7. Great Britain: Treaty of 1862.~

"Treaty for the suppression of the African slave trade. Concluded at Washington April 7, 1862; ratifications exchanged at London May 20, 1862; proclaimed June 7, 1862." Ratified unanimously by the Senate.

_U.S. Treaties and Conventions_ (1889), pp. 454-66. See also _Senate Exec. Journal_, XII. pp. 230, 231, 240, 254, 391, 400, 403.

~1862, July 11. United States Statute: Treaty of 1862 Carried into Effect.~

"An Act to carry into Effect the Treaty between the United States and her Britannic Majesty for the Suppression of the African Slave-Trade."

_Statutes at Large_, XII. 531; _Senate Journal_ and _House Journal_, 37 Cong. 2 sess., Senate Bill No. 352.

~1862, July 17. United States Statute: Former Acts Amended.~

"An Act to amend an Act ent.i.tled 'An Act to amend an Act ent.i.tled "An Act in Addition to the Acts prohibiting the Slave Trade."'" _Statutes at Large_, XII. 592-3; _Senate Journal_ and _House Journal_, 37 Cong. 2 sess., Senate Bill No. 385.

~1863, Feb. 4. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $17,000. _Statutes at Large_, XII. 639.

~1863, March 3. Congress: Joint Resolution.~

"Joint Resolution respecting the Compensation of the Judges and so forth, under the Treaty with Great Britain and other Persons employed in the Suppression of the Slave Trade." _Statutes at Large_, XII. 829.

~1863, April 22. Great Britain: Treaty of 1862 Amended.~

"Additional article to the treaty for the suppression of the African slave trade of April 7, 1862." Concluded February 17, 1863; ratifications exchanged at London April 1, 1863; proclaimed April 22, 1863.

Right of Search extended. _U.S. Treaties and Conventions_ (1889), pp.

466-7.

~1863, Dec. 17. Congress (House): Resolution on Coastwise Slave-Trade.~

Mr. Julian introduced a bill to repeal portions of the Act of March 2, 1807, relative to the coastwise slave-trade. Read twice, and referred to Committee on the Judiciary. _Congressional Globe_, 38 Cong. 1 sess. p.

46.

~1864, July 2. United States Statute: Coastwise Slave-Trade Prohibited Forever.~

-- 9 of Appropriation Act repeals ---- 8 and 9 of Act of 1807. _Statutes at Large_, XIII. 353.

~1864, Dec. 7. Great Britain: International Proposition.~

"The crime of trading in human beings has been for many years branded by the reprobation of all civilized nations. Still the atrocious traffic subsists, and many persons flourish on the gains they have derived from that polluted source.

"Her Majesty's government, contemplating, on the one hand, with satisfaction the unanimous abhorrence which the crime inspires, and, on the other hand, with pain and disgust the slave-trading speculations which still subist [_sic_], have come to the conclusion that no measure would be so effectual to put a stop to these wicked acts as the punishment of all persons who can be proved to be guilty of carrying slaves across the sea. Her Majesty's government, therefore, invite the government of the United States to consider whether it would not be practicable, honorable, and humane--

"1st. To make a general declaration, that the governments who are parties to it denounce the slave trade as piracy.

"2d. That the aforesaid governments should propose to their legislatures to affix the penalties of piracy already existing in their laws--provided, only, that the penalty in this case be that of death--to all persons, being subjects or citizens of one of the contracting powers, who shall be convicted in a court which takes cognizance of piracy, of being concerned in carrying human beings across the sea for the purpose of sale, or for the purpose of serving as slaves, in any country or colony in the world." Signed, "RUSSELL."

Similar letters were addressed to France, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Prussia, Italy, Netherlands, and Russia. _Diplomatic Correspondence_, 1865, pt. ii. pp. 4, 58-9, etc.

~1865, Jan. 24. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $17,000. _Statutes at Large_, XIII. 424.

~1866, April 7. United States Statute: Compensation to Marshals, etc.~

For additional compensation to United States marshals, district attorneys, etc., for services in the suppression of the slave-trade, so much of the appropriation of March 2, 1861, as may be expedient and proper, not exceeding in all $10,000; and also so much as may be necessary to pay the salaries of judges and the expenses of mixed courts. _Ibid._, XIV. 23.

~1866, July 25. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $17,000. _Ibid._, XIV. 226.

~1867, Feb. 28. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $17,000. _Ibid._, XIV. 414-5.

~1868, March 30. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $12,500. _Ibid._, XV. 58.

~1869, Jan. 6. Congress (House): Abrogation of Treaty of 1862.~

Mr. Kelsey asked unanimous consent to introduce the following resolution:--

"Whereas the slave trade has been practically suppressed; and whereas by our treaty with Great Britain for the suppression of the slave trade large appropriations are annually required to carry out the provisions thereof: Therefore,

"_Resolved_, That the Committee on Foreign Affairs are hereby instructed to inquire into the expediency of taking proper steps to secure the abrogation or modification of the treaty with Great Britain for the suppression of the slave trade." Mr. Arnell objected. _Congressional Globe_, 40 Cong. 3 sess. p. 224.

~1869, March 3. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the treaty with Great Britain, proclaimed July 11, 1862, $12,500; provided that the salaries of judges be paid only on condition that they reside where the courts are held, and that Great Britain be asked to consent to abolish mixed courts. _Statutes at Large_, XV. 321.

~1870, April 22. Congress (Senate): Bill to Repeal Act of 1803.~

The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America Part 53

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~1860, July 11. Great Britain: Proposed Co-operation.~

Lord John Russell suggested for the suppression of the trade:--

"1st. A systematic plan of cruising on the coast of Cuba by the vessels of Great Britain, Spain, and the United States.

"2d. Laws of registration and inspection in the Island of Cuba, by which the employment of slaves, imported contrary to law, might be detected by the Spanish authorities.

"3d. A plan of emigration from China, regulated by the agents of European nations, in conjunction with the Chinese authorities."

President Buchanan refused to co-operate on this plan. _House Exec.

Doc._, 36 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No. 7, pp. 441-3, 446-8.

~1860, Dec. 3. President Buchanan's Message.~

"It is with great satisfaction I communicate the fact that since the date of my last annual message not a single slave has been imported into the United States in violation of the laws prohibiting the African slave trade. This statement is founded upon a thorough examination and investigation of the subject. Indeed, the spirit which prevailed some time since among a portion of our fellow-citizens in favor of this trade seems to have entirely subsided." _Senate Exec. Doc._, 36 Cong. 2 sess.

I. No. 1, p. 24.

~1860, Dec. 12. Congress (House): Proposition to Amend Const.i.tution.~

Mr. John Cochrane's resolution:--

"The migration or importation of slaves into the United States or any of the Territories thereof, from any foreign country, is hereby prohibited." _House Journal_, 36 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 61-2; _Congressional Globe_, 36 Cong. 2 sess. p. 77.

~1860, Dec. 24. Congress (Senate): Bill on Slave-Trade.~

"Mr. Wilson asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to bring in a bill (Senate, No. 529) for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade." Read twice, and referred to Committee on the Judiciary; not mentioned again. _Senate Journal_, 36 Cong. 2 sess. p. 62; _Congressional Globe_, 36 Cong. 2 sess. p. 182.

~1861, Jan. 7. Congress (House): Proposition to Amend Const.i.tution.~

Mr. Etheridge's resolution:--

-- 5. "The migration or importation of persons held to service or labor for life, or a term of years, into any of the States, or the Territories belonging to the United States, is perpetually prohibited; and Congress shall pa.s.s all laws necessary to make said prohibition effective."

_Congressional Globe_, 36 Cong. 2 sess. p. 279.

~1861, Jan. 23. Congress (House): Proposition to Amend Const.i.tution.~

Resolution of Mr. Morris of Pennsylvania:--"Neither Congress nor a Territorial Legislature shall make any law respecting slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime; but Congress may pa.s.s laws for the suppression of the African slave trade, and the rendition of fugitives from service or labor in the States." Mr. Morris asked to have it printed, that he might at the proper time move it as an amendment to the report of the select committee of thirty-three. It was ordered to be printed. _Ibid._, p. 527.

~1861, Feb. 1. Congress (House): Proposition to Amend Const.i.tution.~

Resolution of Mr. Kellogg of Illinois:--

-- 16. "The migration or importation of persons held to service or involuntary servitude into any State, Territory, or place within the United States, from any place or country beyond the limits of the United States or Territories thereof, is forever prohibited." Considered Feb.

27, 1861, and lost. _Ibid._, pp. 690, 1243, 1259-60.

~1861, Feb. 8. Confederate States of America: Importation Prohibited.~

Const.i.tution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America, Article I. Section 7:--

"1. The importation of African negroes from any foreign country other than the slave-holding States of the United States, is hereby forbidden; and Congress are required to pa.s.s such laws as shall effectually prevent the same.

"2. The Congress shall also have power to prohibit the introduction of slaves from any State not a member of this Confederacy." March 11, 1861, this article was placed in the permanent Const.i.tution. The first line was changed so as to read "negroes of the African race." _C.S.A.

Statutes at Large, 1861-2_, pp. 3, 15.

~1861, Feb. 9. Confederate States of America: Statutory Prohibition.~

"_Be it enacted by the Confederate States of America in Congress a.s.sembled_, That all the laws of the United States of America in force and in use in the Confederate States of America on the first day of November last, and not inconsistent with the Const.i.tution of the Confederate States, be and the same are hereby continued in force until altered or repealed by the Congress." _Ibid._, p. 27.

~1861, Feb. 19. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To supply deficiencies in the fund hitherto appropriated to carry out the Act of March 3, 1819, and subsequent acts, $900,000. _Statutes at Large_, XII. 132.

~1861, March 2. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

To carry out the Act of March 3, 1819, and subsequent acts, and to provide compensation for district attorneys and marshals, $900,000.

_Ibid._, XII. 218-9.

~1861, Dec. 3. President Lincoln's Message.~

"The execution of the laws for the suppression of the African slave trade has been confided to the Department of the Interior. It is a subject of gratulation that the efforts which have been made for the suppression of this inhuman traffic have been recently attended with unusual success. Five vessels being fitted out for the slave trade have been seized and condemned. Two mates of vessels engaged in the trade, and one person in equipping a vessel as a slaver, have been convicted and subjected to the penalty of fine and imprisonment, and one captain, taken with a cargo of Africans on board his vessel, has been convicted of the highest grade of offence under our laws, the punishment of which is death." _Senate Exec. Doc._, 37 Cong. 2 sess. I. No. 1, p. 13.

~1862, Jan. 27. Congress (Senate): Bill on Slave-Trade.~

"Agreeably to notice Mr. Wilson, of Ma.s.sachusetts, asked and obtained leave to bring in a bill (Senate, No. 173), for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade." Read twice, and referred to Committee on the Judiciary; Feb. 11, 1863, reported adversely, and postponed indefinitely. _Senate Journal_, 37 Cong. 2 sess. p. 143; 37 Cong. 3 sess. pp. 231-2.

~1862, March 14. United States Statute: Appropriation.~

For compensation to United States marshals, district attorneys, etc., for services in the suppression of the slave-trade, so much of the appropriation of March 2, 1861, as may be expedient and proper, not exceeding in all $10,000. _Statutes at Large_, XII. 368-9.

~1862, March 25. United States Statute: Prize Law.~

"An Act to facilitate Judicial Proceedings in Adjudications upon Captured Property, and for the better Administration of the Law of Prize." Applied to captures under the slave-trade law. _Ibid._, XII.

374-5; _Congressional Globe_, 37 Cong. 2 sess., Appendix, pp. 346-7.